Process of cracking petroleum



May 5, 1931. G. EVGLOFF 1,803,963

PROCESS OF CRACKING PETROLEUM Filed Dec. 21, 1925- Patented May 5, 1931UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GUSTAV EGLOIT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,ASSIGNOR T UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS CO]!- PAIIY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A.CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA PROCESS OF CBAG PETROLEUI Application filedDecember 21, 1925. Serial No. 76,640.

This invention relates to improvements in process of cracking petroleum,and refers more particularly to that type of process in which the oil ispassed through a heating coil j and thence into suitable expansionchambers, the vapors removed therefrom and subjected to reflux condensinaction.

The feature of ti sists, in one process, in subjecting the raw oil,

the residuum and the reflux condensate to in-.

dependent cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, deliveringthem each to their own expansion chamber, and then passin the vaporspreferably to a common de- II p egmator. The residuum from eachexpansion chamber is collected and returned to the residuum coil fortreatment, while the reflux condensate from the dephlegmator is likewisecollected and returned to the coil adapted for heating the refluxcondensate.

In order to more clearly understand the invention 1 have shown theaccompanying drawing, in which the single figure is a diagrammatic view,partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, of an apparatusin which 111 invention may be earned out.

Referring to the drawing, 1 designates the furnace in which are mountedthe heating coils 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In the present instance theyare shown as In one furnace,

although it is obvious that separate furnaces may he used if it isdesired to more eflectivel controlfthe temperature of the coils indepenently of each other. The coils are provided with respective transferlines 5, 6 and 7, having throttle valves 8, 9 and 10, leading to therespective expansion chambers 8', 9 and 10'. The raw oil is delivered tothe coils 2 by the feed pump 11 connected to any suitable source of rawoil supply, as, for example, gas 011, fuel oil or crude. The refluxcondensate is delivered b pipe 13 and reflux pum 12 tothe inlet si e ofthe coil 3. The resi uum is drawn ofi from each expansion chamberthrough the ipes 14, each controlled by valve.15 to a header pipe 16,which in turn connects to pipe 17 through the pump 18, whereby residuummay be delivered to the inlet side of the coil .4. Some ofthe residuummay be drawn ofl elsewhere from each of the lingt e present inventionconexpansion chambers throu h the pipes 19 controlled b valves 20. Likewise some of itmay be ypassed outthrough the header, through branchpipe 21, by suitably controle valves 22 and 23. Some of the reflux maybe bypassed through the branch pipe 24 by suitably controlling thevalves 25 and 26. Vapors pass out of respective expansion chambersthrough the vapor outlet pipes 27 each'controlled by throttle valve 28,to a common header vapor line 29, leading to the lower side of adephlegmator 30. Some of the vaplors may be independently bypassedthrong the branch lines 31 by suitably controlling the valves 32 and 33.In the event, however, that the vapors are bypassed from the expansionchamber 10' it will be desirable to have a bypass line 34 provided withsuitable valves 35, which isconnected with the header 29.

The reflux condensate is drawn out of the bottom: of dephlegmatorthrough pipe 13, while the vapors pass out'of the top of the dephleatorthrough vapor pipe 36, having throttle valve 37, and are led intocondenser coil 38 thence to receiver 39. This receiver 39 is providedwith gas outlet pipe 40, having throttle valve 41, and liquid drawofl'pipe 42, having throttle' valve as.

The process may be operated as follows: The charging stock, say, forexample, fuel oil, may be-heated in the coil 2 to a transfer temperatureof, say, 825 F., more or less and maintained under a ressure of say, 800pounds more or less in t e coil 2 and expansion chamber 8'. The refluxcondensate may be heated to a transfer temperature of say 900 F., moreor less and maintained under a pressure of say, 1000 pounds more or lessin the coil 3 and expansion chamber 9'. The residuum'may be heated to atransfer temperature of say, 800 F. more or less and maintained under apressure of say 600 pounds in the heating coil 4: and expansion chamber10'. The pressure is controlled by suitably regulating the valves 28controlling the entrance of vapors to the dephlegmator, which ismaintained under a pressure of say, 200 pounds, as may be the balance ofthe system to the receiver. If desired, the process 109 may be sooperated that the valaor contents from any of the expansion cham ers maybe in whole or in part by-passed and delivered elsewhere.

5 By means of the presentprocess, it will be seen that the raw oil, theresiduum and the reflux, which are best cracked under differentconditions of temperature and pressure,

- are subjected to their most advantageous conditions of cracking, allin the same process, and as a continuous operation.

I claim as my invention:

1. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, comprising initiallysubjecting charging oil to given cracking conditions of temperature andpressure, permitting the heated oil to undergo conversion in an enlargedzone, subjecting vapors evolved from the initially treated oil todephlegmation, whereby a substantial quantity of reflux condensate isformed, separately and independently subjecting oil unvaporized by saidinitial crackitially treated oil for further treatment therewith.

' GUSTAV EGLOFF.

ing conditions and the reflux condensate formed as a result of saiddephlegmation to further cracking conditions of temperature andpressure, such as will efl'ect further conversion thereof andcommingling the vapors released from said unvaporized oil and saidreflux condensate as a result of said separate independent treatmentswith the vapors evolved from the charging oil as a result of saidinitial treatment.

2. A process for -era hydrocarbon oil, comprising initially subjectingcharging oil to ven cracking conditions of temperature an pressure,permitting the heated oil to undergo conversion in an enlarged zone,subjecting vapors evolved from the initially treated oil todephlegmation, whereby a substantial quantity of reflux condensate isformed, separately and independently subjecting oil unvaporized by saidinitial cracking conditions and the reflux condensate formed, as aresult of said dephlegmation to further cracking conditions oftemperature and pressure, such as will efiect further conversionthereof, permitting such separately treated unvaporized oil and refluxcondensate to accumulate in independent bodies, taking ofi vapors fromsaid independent bodies, and uniting regulated quantities of theunvaporized constituents from said bodies with said oil unvaporized bysaid initial cracking conditions.

3. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, comprising initiallysubjecting charging oil to glven cracking conditions of temperature andpressure, permitting the heated oil "to undergo conversion in anenlarged zone, subjecting vapors evolved from the initially treated oilto dephlegmation, whereby a substantial quantity of reflux condensate isformed, separately andindependently subjecting oil unvaporized by saidinitial crack ing conditions and the reflux condensate

